{"id":9178,"date":"2025-10-09T01:31:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T01:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/?p=9178"},"modified":"2025-10-16T11:45:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T11:45:43","slug":"essential-food-testing-guide-prevent-contamination-in-cookie-production","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/essential-food-testing-guide-prevent-contamination-in-cookie-production\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec3m Tra Vi Khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Duy Tr\u00ec Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cao Trong S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t B\u00e1nh Quy<\/h2>\n<h3>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-4676903.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9191 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-4676903-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>B\u00e1nh quy, b\u00e1nh b\u00edch quy v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh gi\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0103n v\u1eb7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang an to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi khu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n an to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c dai d\u1eb3ng th\u00edch n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1edbm, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh <a title=\"Top 10 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u b\u00e1nh quy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy n\u0103m 2025\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/americas-10-best-biscuit-brands-biscuit-production-quality-guide-2025\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1436\" target=\"_blank\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap gi\u1eef an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-2nFt8pIeKWo.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9185 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-2nFt8pIeKWo-1024x771.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"602\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi khu\u1ea9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i lo ch\u00ednh, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong b\u00e1nh quy l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/the-best-biscuit-machine-for-efficient-production-and-quality-control\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y B\u00e1nh Quy T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t Cho S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3 V\u00e0 Ki\u1ec3m So\u00e1t Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1487\">ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1nh quy<\/a> ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh<\/p>\n<h3>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n<p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (a_w), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh quy ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do\u201d s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 a_w l\u00e0 1.0. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n a_w tr\u00ean 0.90 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u00f4i trong b\u00e1nh quy n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.6.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi khu\u1ea9n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n. Trong khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 a_w th\u1ea5p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 extremophiles, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch nghi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n a_w th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c xerophilic (th\u00edch kh\u00f4) v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men osmophilic (th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng), l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c trong c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 a_w l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n<h3>K\u1ebb Th\u00f9 Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebb th\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2132874.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9186 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-2132874-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4>Vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c xerophilic: C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1eeb h\u1ecd *Aspergillus* v\u00e0 *Penicillium* l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 a_w th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi 0,60, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 l\u00f4ng x\u00f9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, m\u00f9i h\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, sinh ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 aflatoxin.<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ea5m men \u01b0a axit: Trong b\u00e1nh quy c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ea5m men nh\u01b0 *Zygosaccharomyces rouxii* c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y l\u00ean men, sinh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u1ed3ng bao b\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>*Salmonella spp.*: \u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee9ng, b\u1ed9t m\u00ec v\u00e0 ca cao. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a *Salmonella* t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng *Salmonella* c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0103n nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh quy tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<li>*Staphylococcus aureus*: Vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean da ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 m\u0169i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb mang tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng do x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n qua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ngay c\u1ea3 khi vi khu\u1ea9n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<li>*Cronobacter sakazakii*: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i, *Cronobacter* c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u00e1nh quy c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1eefa cho tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-722387.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9180 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-722387-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>L\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 R\u1ee7i ro Vi khu\u1ea9n<\/h2>\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch HACCP n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Th\u00f4<\/h3>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y qua nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>B\u1ed9t m\u00ec &amp; Ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c: Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 *Bacillus cereus*. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng &amp; Sirup: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 sirup c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m men osmophilic n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o &amp; D\u1ea7u: Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4i thiu v\u00e0 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb l\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<li>Tr\u1ee9ng, S\u1eefa v\u00e0 Socola: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao ch\u1ee9a *Salmonella*. Tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 s\u1eefa b\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p uy t\u00edn c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Socola c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n mang *Salmonella* \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t, Gia v\u1ecb v\u00e0 Cacao: Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng mang theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n cao, bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 *Salmonella*. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (COA) v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n giao h\u00e0ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-N3Vh7YFCh7A.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9184 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-N3Vh7YFCh7A-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 1: C\u00e1c Nguy c\u01a1 Vi khu\u1ea9n Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a B\u00e1nh quy<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">Danh m\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Nguy c\u01a1 Vi khu\u1ea9n Ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t\/ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">B\u1ed9t Ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">\u0110\u1ebfm Vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (APC), N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, *Bacillus cereus*<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 Vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng (TVC) v\u00e0 N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">Tr\u1ee9ng (L\u1ecfng\/B\u1ed9t)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">*Salmonella spp.*, *Listeria*<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Ki\u1ec3m tra 100% cho *Salmonella* theo l\u00f4, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">S\u1eefa (B\u1ed9t s\u1eefa)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">*Salmonella*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, APC<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">H\u1ea1t &amp; H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">*Salmonella*, Aflatoxins (t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c)<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Ki\u1ec3m tra Aflatoxin, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc *Salmonella*, rang\/ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"192\">Socola &amp; Cacao<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">*Salmonella*, N\u1ea5m men \u01b0a osmophilic<\/td>\n<td width=\"192\">Cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho b\u1ed9t cacao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tr\u1ed9n: Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ed9n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed9t nh\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o.<\/li>\n<li>N\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quan tr\u1ecdng (CCP). S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh d\u1ea1ng sinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 *Salmonella* v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m trong b\u1ed9t nh\u00e0o c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb D (th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 90% s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u1ee7a *Salmonella* c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean 30 ph\u00fat \u1edf 90\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u1ea9m, so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ea7m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t: \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ea1i. Khi b\u00e1nh quy \u1ea5m, \u1ea9m \u0111i qua c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t d\u00e0i, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n h\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u01b0\u1edbt gi\u00fap n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed k\u00e9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-3180335.png\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9192 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-3180335-1024x739.png\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>X\u1eed l\u00fd sau n\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n<p>Sau b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n, Kem v\u00e0 L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7: Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam kem, socola ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9t sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cao c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh quy v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i cho vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<li>X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean &amp; B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh quy sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n, b\u00e0n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Tay c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh mang *Staphylococcus aureus*. V\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (GMPs) v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m Zone 1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<li>Bao b\u00ec: Bao b\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00e1nh quy kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. Mi\u1ebfng ni\u00eam phong b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-896066.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9183 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-896066-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh: \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh (vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh). L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/the-best-biscuit-machine-for-efficient-production-and-quality-results\/\" title=\"M\u00e1y l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh quy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1489\">k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1nh quy<\/a> ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/p>\n<h3>Vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh chung c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng (TVC) \/ S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi khu\u1ea9n hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed (APC): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 oxy. Trong b\u00e1nh quy, TVC cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<li>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea5m men v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh quy. V\u00ec c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/li>\n<li>Enterobacteriaceae\/Coliforms: H\u1ecd vi khu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau n\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh. *E. coli* l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ki\u1ec3m tra Vi Khu\u1ea9n G\u00e2y B\u1ec7nh<\/h3>\n<p>C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 *Salmonella*, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu th\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong 25g, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nguy c\u01a1 cao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong 375g).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n *Salmonella*: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5y truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea5y, c\u1ea5y ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 3-5 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhanh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 PCR (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chu\u1ed7i polymerase) v\u00e0 ELISA (H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch li\u00ean k\u1ebft enzyme), \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong ng\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 24-48 gi\u1edd, cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Listeria*, v.v.: Ki\u1ec3m tra *S. aureus* li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra *Listeria* r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 2: C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho b\u00e1nh quy<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">Tham s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m tra<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (CFU\/g)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n s\u1ed1ng (TVC)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n chung<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">D\u01b0\u1edbi 5.000 \u2013 10.000<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ec7 sinh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea5m men &amp; m\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Lo\u00e0i xerophilic \/ osmophilic<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">&lt; 100 \u2013 500<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">Vi khu\u1ea9n coliform \/ *E. coli*<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Vi khu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">&lt; 10 \/ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec7 sinh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m fecal sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">*Salmonella spp.*<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong 25g (ho\u1eb7c m\u1eabu l\u1edbn h\u01a1n)<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng; kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">*Staphylococcus aureus*<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Vi khu\u1ea9n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">&lt; 100<\/td>\n<td width=\"144\">Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng do x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng tay.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/h2>\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra vi khu\u1ea9n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c minh. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn xem c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba. N\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0o khung h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-i22gbC3gFm4.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9182 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-i22gbC3gFm4-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n HACCP<\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i nguy v\u00e0 C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1edbi h\u1ea1n (HACCP) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/applied-dna-sciences-westpoint-home-sign\/\" title=\"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o jelly duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1488\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/a>N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed1i nguy sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0o v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy, c\u00e1c CCP \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CCP 1: N\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1nh. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<li>CCP 2: Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nguy c\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<li>CCP 3: Ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n b\u00e1nh. N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n kem ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0 CCP, v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n<p>Anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (EMP). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed9t EMP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t EMP l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00f9ng 1: C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m sau b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, v\u00f2i \u0111i\u1ec1n, tay nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f9ng 2: C\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n V\u00f9ng 1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: khung thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f9ng 3: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t xa h\u01a1n kh\u1ecfi the\u0309 nh\u1ef1a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/automatic-cake-production-line-process-flow-of-processing-equipment-for-automatic-pan-cake-production-line\/\" title=\"D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng | Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd cho d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1486\">d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/a> khu v\u1ef1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, xe n\u00e2ng).<\/li>\n<li>V\u00f9ng 4: Khu v\u1ef1c xa b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng x\u1eed l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00e0nh lang, c\u0103ng tin, kho h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e9t v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ATP (adenosine triphosphate) nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3ng 3: L\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (EMP) M\u1eabu<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\">V\u00f9ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">V\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Vi khu\u1ea9n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\"><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c 1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">B\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n sau l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00f2i \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">APC, Coliforms, *Listeria*<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (ti\u1ec1n ph\u1eabu)<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">D\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, V\u1ec7 sinh, Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Khung thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">APC, Enterobacteriaceae<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">V\u1ec7 sinh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">S\u00e0n nh\u00e0, c\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e1nh xe xe \u0111\u1ea9y<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">*Listeria*, N\u1ea5m men &amp; N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">V\u1ec7 sinh s\u00e2u, xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"115\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Nh\u00e0 \u0103n, v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, h\u00e0nh lang<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 chung<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">H\u00e0ng qu\u00fd<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">Xem x\u00e9t GMP, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n<p>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi sinh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh quy \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n kem ph\u1ee7 socola v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 r\u1ee7i ro. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu: D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9t), \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng t\u0103m b\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t), v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1eabu gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t).<\/li>\n<li>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra cho m\u1ed7i l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo v\u00f9ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau trong EMP. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng l\u00ean sau k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n<li>Giao th\u1ee9c Ngo\u00e0i Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt (OOS): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c OOS cho *Salmonella* d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cho TVC cao. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (gi\u1eef s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1ch ly d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n), c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ( truy v\u1ebft, l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd (ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam). M\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch OOS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p t\u1ed1t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-3541959.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9181 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-3541959-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh QA c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean gia kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i vi sinh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5<\/h3>\n<p>B\u1ea1n quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c tr\u00ean b\u00e1nh quy tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: Nhi\u1ec5m n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c xerophilic nh\u01b0 *Aspergillus* ho\u1eb7c *Penicillium* sau b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<li>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u tra:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u1ea7m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t: C\u00f3 th\u1ea5y gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ra c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0o t\u1eed.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a bao b\u00ec: Bao b\u00ec c\u00f3 b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ea5m nhu\u1eadn thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c bao b\u00ec c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m: Ki\u1ec3m tra a_w c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh quy t\u1eeb l\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. N\u1ebfu cao h\u01a1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, 0.7 thay v\u00ec &lt;0.6), c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4: Xem x\u00e9t COA v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t m\u00ec, gia v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1t d\u00f9ng trong l\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi Salmonella<\/h3>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi *Salmonella*.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/li>\n<li>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u tra (Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>C\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 gi\u1eef: Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Bao g\u1ed3m l\u00f4 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<li>Truy v\u1ebft: L\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f4 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh. Xem x\u00e9t COA c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. G\u1eedi ngay c\u00e1c m\u1eabu gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nguy c\u01a1 cao (tr\u1ee9ng, s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la, ca cao, h\u1ea1t) t\u1eeb l\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra *Salmonella*.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u tra sau n\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u201ct\u00ecm v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t\u201d. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Zone 1 v\u00e0 2 t\u1eeb l\u1ed1i ra l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Xem x\u00e9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean: c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb khu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn khu sau n\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng? Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/product\/marshmallow-processing-line\/\" title=\"D\u00e2y Chuy\u1ec1n S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t K\u1eb9o Marshmallow | M\u00e1y v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft B\u1ecb S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t Marshmallow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1490\">ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-etsLXXpzy0w.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9179 size-large\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/unsplash-etsLXXpzy0w-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu: Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: TVC\/APC cao<\/h3>\n<p>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi sinh v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3: S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m chung v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<li>Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u tra:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ec7 sinh: Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ec1n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra ATP cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y li\u00ean quan. C\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec3m ATP t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec7 sinh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<li>X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn N\u01b0\u1edbng: X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cgi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft\u201d. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong b\u00e1nh quy t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi gian y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<li>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Th\u00f4: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 TVC kh\u00f4ng? B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, nh\u01b0 gia v\u1ecb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1nh quy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ni\u1ec1m tin l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean an to\u00e0n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh: hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t do vi sinh v\u1eadt xerophilic v\u00e0 osmophilic g\u00e2y ra; ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng; v\u00e0, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u1ea1i sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4ng qua Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t T\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m chi ph\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn uy t\u00edn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cam k\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7\u2014n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-text-100 mt-1 -mb-0.5\">C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p (FAQs)<\/h2>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q1: T\u1ea1i sao b\u00e1nh quy c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra vi sinh n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro vi sinh. N\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c xerophilic v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m men osmophilic v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.6. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 <em>Salmonella<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q2: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (a_w) v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111o t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, trong khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (a_w) \u0111o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do\u201d s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi sinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1nh quy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 5% nh\u01b0ng a_w l\u00e0 0.5, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng cho vi sinh v\u1eadt. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh vi sinh.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q3: T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bao l\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Khu v\u1ef1c 1<\/strong> (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m): H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 2<\/strong> (b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m): H\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 3<\/strong> (s\u00e0n\/ph\u1ec5u tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn): H\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>V\u00f9ng 4<\/strong> (khu v\u1ef1c xa h\u01a1n): H\u00e0ng qu\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t n\u00ean t\u0103ng l\u00ean sau b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q4: T\u00f4i n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra Salmonella d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-decimal space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> t\u1eeb l\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xung quanh<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>C\u00e1ch ly d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/strong> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u00f4<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/strong> t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi n\u01b0\u1edbng (V\u00f9ng 1 v\u00e0 2)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9<\/strong> v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q5: Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m Salmonella ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1nh quy l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng l\u1ecfng<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">S\u00f4 c\u00f4 la v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t ca cao<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">H\u1ea1t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">B\u1ed9t m\u00ec (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t m\u00ec s\u1ed1ng)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Gia v\u1ecb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua x\u00e1c minh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00f4 100% \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o <em>Salmonella<\/em> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q6: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u00e0m m\u00e1t?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n tunnel \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e0o t\u1eed n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q7: Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m tra ATP trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Ki\u1ec3m tra ATP (adenosine triphosphate) cung c\u1ea5p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. N\u00f3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ATP cao cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec5m khu\u1ea9n vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q8: T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Trong khi th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch HACCP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y xem k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 <em>t\u0103ng<\/em> t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q9: S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh trong ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-disc space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Vi sinh v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 TVC, coliforms, v\u00e0 E. coli) ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 sinh chung v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>M\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh<\/strong> (nh\u01b0 <em>Salmonella<\/em> v\u00e0 <em>Listeria<\/em>) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 dung th\u1ee9 \u2014 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Q10: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 Salmonella?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"[&amp;:not(:last-child)_ul]:pb-1 [&amp;:not(:last-child)_ol]:pb-1 list-decimal space-y-1.5 pl-7\">\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong b\u00e1nh quy \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u0103ng chuy\u1ec1n l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Ghi l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1eddi gian-nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb D cao h\u01a1n)<\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m 5-log <em>Salmonella<\/em><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o tham s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch HACCP c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>FDA \u2013 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc HACCP &amp; H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/hazard-analysis-critical-control-point-haccp\/haccp-principles-application-guidelines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/hazard-analysis-critical-control-point-haccp\/haccp-principles-application-guidelines<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc (aw) trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 FDA<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations\/inspection-technical-guides\/water-activity-aw-foods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations\/inspection-technical-guides\/water-activity-aw-foods<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 Wikipedia<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_activity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 BAM: Salmonella \u2013 FDA<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/bam-chapter-5-salmonella\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/bam-chapter-5-salmonella<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Salmonella ISO 6579-1:2017<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/56712.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/56712.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PCR th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Salmonella trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 PMC (NIH)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC535175\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC535175\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>So s\u00e1nh nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, ELISA v\u00e0 PCR \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Salmonella \u2013 PMC (NIH)<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2110889\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2110889\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Salmonella v\u00e0 Listeria tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u2013 ScienceDirect<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0956713522001645\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0956713522001645<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>S\u1ed5 tay chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch HACCP \u2013 USDA FSIS<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/media_file\/2021-01\/Guidebook-for-the-Preparation-of-HACCP-Plans.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.fsis.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/media_file\/2021-01\/Guidebook-for-the-Preparation-of-HACCP-Plans.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\"><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Salmonella \u2013 Rapid Microbiology<\/strong> <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rapidmicrobiology.com\/test-method\/salmonella-detection-and-identification-methods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.rapidmicrobiology.com\/test-method\/salmonella-detection-and-identification-methods<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7c Ki\u1ec3m Tra Vi Khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 Duy Tr\u00ec Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cao Trong S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t B\u00e1nh Cookie B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u B\u00e1nh quy, b\u00e1nh quy gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh crackers l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n v\u1eb7t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang an to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3. Trong khi c\u00f3 [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9184,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"2025 Essential Food Testing Guide: Prevent Contamination in Cookie Production","rank_math_description":"This guide explores essential food testing practices to ensure safety in cookie, biscuit, and cracker production. It highlights the hidden risks of microbial contamination in low-moisture foods, the survival of heat-resistant pathogens, and the importance of regular testing and preventive controls. Learn how to protect your brand reputation, prevent costly recalls, and maintain consumer trust through effective quality assurance and contamination prevention strategies.","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biscuit-candy-manufacturing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9178"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9343,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9178\/revisions\/9343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9184"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}