{"id":8691,"date":"2025-10-02T02:21:03","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T02:21:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/?p=8691"},"modified":"2025-10-02T02:21:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T02:21:03","slug":"hard-candy-making-the-complete-science-guide-to-perfect-sugar-glass","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/hard-candy-making-the-complete-science-guide-to-perfect-sugar-glass\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Khoa H\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a K\u1eb9o Ng\u1ecdt<\/h2>\n
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B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m theo m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb d\u00ednh, v\u1ee5n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng? B\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o trong su\u1ed1t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
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Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia.<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba k\u1ebft tinh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/div>\n
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Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee7y Tinh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n
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Th\u1ee7y Tinh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h3>\n
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M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft tinh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n.<\/div>\n
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Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a trong m\u1ed9t s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed trong th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/div>\n
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Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ecbn, gi\u00f2n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang '\u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng' \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3.<\/div>\n
\"k\u1eb9o<\/a><\/div>\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ed9 Chuy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ed5i Th\u1ee7y Tinh<\/h3>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee7y tinh, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tg. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
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Tg l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng si\u00eau l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn, trong su\u1ed1t khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Tg cao. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a> siro \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
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K\u1ebft tinh so v\u1edbi V\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
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Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o<\/a> l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. K\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c, v\u1ee5n v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/div>\n
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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1edb h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra k\u1eb9o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft tinh.<\/div>\n
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L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n
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Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
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Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong sirup c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/div>\n
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Khi b\u1ea1n \u0111un n\u00f3ng sirup, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i bay h\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/div>\n
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Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o. M\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecdc nhanh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
\"k\u1eb9o<\/a><\/div>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n N\u1ea5u \u0103n<\/h3>\n
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H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a sirup \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i.<\/div>\n
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Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o ng\u1ecdt kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cao nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed5 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n
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B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/div>\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Ph\u1ea1m vi Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (\u00b0F \/ \u00b0C)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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T\u00ean Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u00e0nh vi Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed & \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong K\u1eb9o<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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235-245\u00b0F \/ 112-116\u00b0C<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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B\u00f3ng M\u1ec1m<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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~85%<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng m\u1ec1m, d\u1ebbo. D\u00f9ng cho fudge v\u00e0 fondant.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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245-250\u00b0F \/ 118-120\u00b0C<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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B\u00f3ng R\u1eafn<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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~87%<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc. D\u00f9ng cho caramel.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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250-265\u00b0F \/ 121-129\u00b0C<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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B\u00f3ng C\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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~92%<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn d\u1ebbo. D\u00f9ng cho nougat.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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270-290\u00b0F \/ 132-143\u00b0C<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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N\u1ee9t M\u1ec1m<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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~95%<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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D\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 u\u1ed1n cong khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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300-310\u00b0F \/ 149-154\u00b0C<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n N\u1ee9t c\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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~99%<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y tinh khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n N\u1ee9t c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ee9t c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t 300-310\u00b0F (149-154\u00b0C) l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u.<\/div>\n
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\u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 99%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1%.<\/div>\n
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H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y tinh gi\u00f2n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i 1% \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong k\u1eb9o, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh (Tg) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi 10\u00b0C.<\/div>\n
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S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m Tg n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn k\u1eb9o d\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ee9t c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/div>\n
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H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n
\"k\u1eb9o<\/a><\/div>\n

Saccarose v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n
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N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Saccarose v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/div>\n
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Saccarose, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t disaccharide. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed glucose v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed fructose li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn, m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c.<\/div>\n
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N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 dung m\u00f4i. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 saccarose. T\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong su\u1ed1t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111un s\u00f4i bay h\u01a1i.<\/div>\n
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Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u<\/h3>\n
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V\u00ec saccarose mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i k\u1ebft tinh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c '\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh' sirup b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u.<\/div>\n
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M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 saccarose khi k\u1eb9o ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed saccarose c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/div>\n
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Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u<\/h3>\n
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C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xi-r\u00f4 ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n
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Xi-r\u00f4 ng\u00f4 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xi-r\u00f4 glucose) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 glucose v\u00e0 maltose. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sucrose \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng c\u00f9ng nhau. Ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh.<\/div>\n
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Axit, nh\u01b0 kem tartar ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1t chanh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/a> g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a xi-r\u00f4 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi axit l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sucrose tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Glucose v\u00e0 fructose. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c,\u201d gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 xi-r\u00f4 ng\u00f4.<\/div>\n
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\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Lo\u1ea1i H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Ch\u1ee9c N\u0103ng Ch\u00ednh Trong Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh L\u00e0m K\u1eb9o C\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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\u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn S\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea9m Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng sucrose<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Disaccharide (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7y tinh.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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X\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o. D\u1ec5 k\u1ebft tinh.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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M\u1eadt m\u00eda ng\u00f4<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Xi-r\u00f4 glucose (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p saccharides)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf (H\u00e0ng r\u00e0o v\u1eadt l\u00fd)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 dai nh\u1eb9, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Kem tartar<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Axit (Potassium Bitartrate)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf (\u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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T\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Isomalt<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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R\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Thay th\u1ebf sucrose<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
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Kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c cao v\u1edbi k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1eb9o r\u1ea5t trong su\u1ed1t.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
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L\u00fd do ch\u1ecdn Isomalt<\/h3>\n
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D\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, isomalt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean sucrose.<\/div>\n
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Isomalt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb sucrose. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00e1ng k\u1ebft tinh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi sucrose.<\/div>\n
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N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u00edt h\u00fat \u1ea9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00fat \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n k\u1eb9o l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nung kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n
\"\u0111\u1ee3t<\/a><\/div>\n

Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebft tinh<\/h2>\n
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Si b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n nucleation<\/h3>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebft tinh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch si b\u00e3o h\u00f2a.<\/div>\n
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\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a tan h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n
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B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n nucleation. M\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh b\u1ee5i, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u khu\u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n k\u1ebft tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ebb trong v\u00e0i gi\u00e2y. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nucleation ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t Quy tr\u00ecnh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n
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Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft tinh. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp k\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft tinh.<\/div>\n
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    \n
  1. \n
    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed3i, mu\u1ed7ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. M\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb m\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m nucleation \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111un s\u00f4i. Khu\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xi-r\u00f4 ng\u00f4 tr\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u00f2a tan<\/a>. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ea5y th\u00eam tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Khi dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, d\u1eebng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch th\u00e0nh n\u1ed3i. Khi xi-r\u00f4 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh n\u1ed3i ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n dung. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch nh\u00fang trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng r\u1eeda c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i dung d\u1ecbch \u0111ang s\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u00f2a tan ch\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111un s\u00f4i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y. Khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean khu\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n n\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ec7c khu\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec3m nucleation. \u0110\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m song song. M\u1ed9t m\u1ebb r\u1eeda th\u00e0nh n\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t m\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda. M\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00fang, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i m\u1edd, v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c khi ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i. M\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda trong s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong su\u1ed1t. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n

    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n
    <\/div>\n

    T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m<\/h3>\n
    <\/div>\n
    C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac khi k\u1eb9o \u0111\u00e3 ngu\u1ed9i. K\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m r\u1ea5t cao.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u00fat c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Khi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00fat \u1ea9m. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m n\u00e0y h\u00f2a tan l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y tinh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u00ednh, \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/div>\n
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    C\u00e1c Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea8m Cao<\/h3>\n
    <\/div>\n
    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n