{"id":8488,"date":"2025-09-29T12:04:49","date_gmt":"2025-09-29T12:04:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/?p=8488"},"modified":"2025-09-29T12:06:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T12:06:29","slug":"snake-gummy-science-the-technical-analysis-of-texture-taste-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/snake-gummy-science-the-technical-analysis-of-texture-taste-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a K\u1eb9o D\u1ebbo R\u1eafn 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Khoa H\u1ecdc Ng\u1ecdt Ng\u00e0o c\u1ee7a K\u1eb9o D\u00e2y R\u1eafn: Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 K\u1ebft C\u1ea5u v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1ecb<\/h2>\n
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K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o ng\u1ecdt. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nhai th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o k\u00fd \u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 che gi\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn gummy? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt, chua v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb?<\/div>\n
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\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u00e2u<\/a>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00e1o r\u1eddi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m k\u1eb9o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.<\/div>\n
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Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nhai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfm n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ea9n sau m\u00f3n \u0103n y\u00eau th\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
\"Khoa<\/a><\/div>\n

B\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n
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\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o.<\/div>\n
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Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/h3>\n
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Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gelatin. N\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb collagen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Gelatin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i protein t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ba chi\u1ec1u khi tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0y b\u1eaft gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
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Ma tr\u1eadn protein n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u dai, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tan ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm trong mi\u1ec7ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a hoa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a gel. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gelatin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng hoa cao. Th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 220-250. Gel n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n
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Ma tr\u1eadn Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt<\/h3>\n
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K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdt kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.<\/div>\n
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Saccarose, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tinh luy\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, mang l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt ch\u00ednh, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/div>\n
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Sirup glucose th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sirup ng\u00f4 \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u201d. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed sucrose t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c k\u1ebft tinh, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo v\u1eabn m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i<\/a>, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 dai c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo.<\/div>\n
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T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a sucrose so v\u1edbi siro glucose l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo n\u00e0o. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/div>\n
\"k\u1eb9o,<\/a><\/div>\n

Axit: H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n
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Axit \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo. Ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
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Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. C\u00e1c axit nh\u01b0 axit citric (t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd cam qu\u00fdt) v\u00e0 axit malic (t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u00e1o) mang l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb chua \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. S\u1ef1 \u201cb\u00f9ng n\u1ed5\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt \u0111\u1eadm c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/div>\n
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Vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Th\u00eam axit l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 pH c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a gel t\u1eeb gelatin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1edf cao. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gel t\u1ed1i \u01b0u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c pH m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb 3,4 \u0111\u1ebfn 3,6.<\/div>\n
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H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u<\/h3>\n
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H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a r\u1eafn k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/a> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o mu\u1ed9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u \u0103n.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e0u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i gel<\/h2>\n
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Trong khi gelatin<\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh: pectin. Hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o gel n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/div>\n
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K\u1eb9o Cao C\u1ea5p Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi Mi\u1ebfng Nh\u1ecf H\u01a1n<\/h3>\n
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Pectin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polysaccharide c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u1ecd cam qu\u00fdt ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3 t\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o gel ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo chay v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n chay.<\/div>\n
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S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Gelatin t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e0i\u201d. N\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5n v\u00e0o. N\u00f3 tan ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd trong mi\u1ec7ng, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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Pectin t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u201cng\u1eafn\u201d h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft c\u1eaft s\u1ea1ch khi c\u1eafn, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee9ng, thay v\u00ec k\u00e9o dai. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gel kh\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb nhanh h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh h\u01a1n trong mi\u1ec7ng.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Gelatin<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Pectin<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Ngu\u1ed3n<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (Collagen)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng (Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ecf cam qu\u00fdt, t\u00e1o)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
D\u1ebbo, dai, d\u1ebbo dai<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Nh\u1eb9, c\u1eafn ng\u1eafn, gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ea1ch<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m melting<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Th\u1ea5p (Tan ch\u1ea3y g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Cao (Kh\u00f4ng tan ch\u1ea3y trong mi\u1ec7ng)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
Nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
pH c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n chay\/Chay<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
Th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thu\u1ea7n chay\/Chay<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa gelatin v\u00e0 pectin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo. N\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n
<\/div>\n
Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 tinh vi. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng<\/a> v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    Pha ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u \u0103n<\/h3>\n
    \n
    \u00a0\u00a0Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c n\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn c\u00f3 l\u1edbp v\u1ecf. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (sucrose v\u00e0 xi-r\u00f4 glucose), v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hydrat h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u1ebb tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 th\u1eeba. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a tan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 Brix (\u00b0Bx). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 75-80\u00b0Bx. M\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt.<\/div>\n
    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \n

      \u0110\u1ed5 khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n Mogul<\/h3>\n
      \n
      \u00a0\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. M\u00e1y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n Mogul.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn khay n\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ed9t b\u1eafp an to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u1ecbn, kh\u00f4. Th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch cao ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1ed9t b\u1eafp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn khoang ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. B\u1ed9t b\u1eafp \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u00fat \u1ea9m t\u1eeb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo, gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u201cv\u1ecf\u201d ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1ee9 ba, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u00f2i phun \u0111\u1ed5 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qua c\u00e1c khay. Nh\u1eefng v\u00f2i n\u00e0y phun ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eebng khoang b\u1ed9t b\u1eafp.<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \n
      1. \n

        Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 S\u1ea5y kh\u00f4<\/h3>\n
        \n
        \u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1c khay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7y sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u201cs\u1ea5y kh\u00f4\u201d l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 24 \u0111\u1ebfn 48 gi\u1edd. Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi gelatin ho\u1eb7c pectin h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo. V\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m y\u1ebfu, d\u00ednh.<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. \n

          Th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
          \n
          \u00a0\u00a0Sau khi s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, c\u00e1c khay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n Mogul<\/a> d\u00f2ng. Ch\u00fang b\u1ecb l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi tinh b\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0ng l\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tinh b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cho l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp theo. Nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo m\u1edbi th\u00e1o khu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u01a1i b\u1ee5i ho\u1eb7c d\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u0103n trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi l\u1edbp d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1p carnauba nh\u1eb9. B\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau trong bao b\u00ec. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho ch\u00fang v\u1ebb b\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nhai<\/h2>\n
          <\/div>\n
          Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo r\u1eafn ch\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean k\u00e9m. Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cs\u1ef1 nhai\u201d n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c rheology.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n

          B\u00ed quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
          <\/div>\n
          Rheology l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh r\u1eafn l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i-viscoelastic c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u1edbt (gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, kh\u00e1ng ch\u1ea3y) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (gi\u1ed1ng r\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i) khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nhai.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          M\u1ea1ng gelatin ba chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u viscoelastic. Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1eafn xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao. Khi b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3 ra, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 b\u1eadt\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn khi nhai th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n

          \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 nhai<\/h3>\n
          <\/div>\n
          C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c tinh vi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh (TPA). M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 n\u00e9n m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb hai l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t c\u00fa c\u1eafn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb.<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          T\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/div>\n