{"id":3447,"date":"2024-03-24T02:12:41","date_gmt":"2024-03-24T02:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/?p=3447"},"modified":"2026-06-04T03:52:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T03:52:43","slug":"how-is-biscuit-made-in-factories-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/how-is-biscuit-made-in-factories-8\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e1nh quy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y?"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh quy thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc do c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed9t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng nhanh. Khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 150 \u0111\u1ed9 C, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9t sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 caramel h\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng enzyme. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

B\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra<\/a> ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o. \u00c1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5c c\u00e1n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m b\u1ed9t. B\u1ed9t th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfng b\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong khi c\u1ea1nh c\u1eaft xuy\u00ean qua b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. B\u1ed9t n\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb baking soda v\u00e0 kem tartar. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ngay khi tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u00e1nh m\u00ec nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ACA t\u1ea1o ra ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh semicarbazide v\u00e0 urethane. C\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi c\u00e1i sau ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh hen suy\u1ec5n \u1edf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n men n\u1edf v\u00ec ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CO2 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1ee5n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00fai kh\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh m\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e1nh m\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Men sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng invert th\u00e0nh dextrose, d\u1ea1ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho b\u00e1nh m\u00ec. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o men kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m bicarbonate kali. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Pitzer. Roy v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2004) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n trong b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a bicarbonate ammonium nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean men. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a NH3 trong pha kh\u00ed khi\u1ebfn kh\u00ed amoniac tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00e1nh quy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u00e1nh m\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbng<\/a> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111en ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn<\/a> T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp lipid. L\u1edbp lipid n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hydrat tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n b\u00e1nh m\u00ec n\u1edf ra do l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng men cao.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u00ean men, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbp trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m n\u00e2u trong b\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/a>. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 v\u1ee5n. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh m\u00ec l\u00ean men h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n