{"id":10466,"date":"2026-05-28T09:50:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T09:50:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/soft-candy\/"},"modified":"2026-06-04T02:43:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-04T02:43:25","slug":"soft-candy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/vi\/soft-candy\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m (H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn 2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5n \u2014 k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo, caramel, marshmallow, taffy v\u00e0 fudge l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a tay v\u00e0o t\u00fai k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng d\u1ebbo dai ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. N\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 tan ch\u1eadm khi b\u1ea1n nhai. Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 c\u00e1i khi\u1ebfn k\u1eb9o b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n qua h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng k\u1eb9o cao su, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 caramel tan ch\u1ea3y tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i trong khi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c k\u00e9o d\u00ednh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n r\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u mi\u1ebfng k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m cho \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\"K\u1eb9o <\/p>\n

\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h2>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c k\u1ebft tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1eafn m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n \u2014 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9o b\u00e1n m\u1ec1m, n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng: m\u1ed9t con g\u1ea5u d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng fudge th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong>, tuy nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau trong mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (aw)<\/strong> v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/strong>. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 aw t\u1eeb 0.55 \u0111\u1ebfn 0.75, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c d\u00ednh khi ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean ScienceDirect<\/a>, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u1eb9o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trung t\u00e2m trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n k\u1eb9o.<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ec1m<\/h3>\n

Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng k\u1eb9o c\u00f3 m\u1ec1m hay c\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9ng. Khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb \u00e9p v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u2014 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 siro glucose ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng invert \u2014 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m fudge \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1eafn m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o gel.<\/strong> Gelatin, pectin, agar, v\u00e0 carrageenan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau khi \u0103n. Gelatin t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u1ebbo dai, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Pectin (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n trong k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u) mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1eafn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y h\u01a1n. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o gel l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 gelatin 6% t\u1ea1o ra con g\u1ea5u d\u1ebbo ch\u1eafc, gelatin 2% t\u1ea1o ra panna cotta m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, l\u1eafc l\u01b0.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo.<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 sorbitol, glycerin v\u00e0 siro ng\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng fructose cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt \u2014 ch\u00fang c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u1ea9m v\u00e0 ng\u0103n k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi k\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\nK\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/th>\nK\u1eb9o c\u1ee9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m<\/td>\n10\u201320%<\/td>\n<3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nV\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c vi tinh th\u1ec3<\/td>\nV\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n6\u201318 th\u00e1ng<\/td>\n1\u20132 n\u0103m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/td>\n120\u2013150\u00b0C<\/td>\n150\u2013165\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/td>\nNhai, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\nGi\u00f2n, tan ch\u1eadm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m \u2014 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/h2>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o c\u00f3 chung \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong khi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\"Assorted <\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Gelatin<\/h3>\n

K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong>. K\u1eb9o g\u1ea5u d\u1ebbo hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920 b\u1edfi Hans Riegel c\u1ee7a Haribo, v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 \u2014 k\u1eb9o giun d\u1ebbo, v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0o, d\u00e2y chua, l\u00e1t tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a vitamin ho\u1eb7c CBD.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, siro glucose, gelatin v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 khu\u00f4n (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 65\u201370\u00b0C cho kh\u1ed1i k\u1eb9o) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (24\u201348 gi\u1edd trong khay \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu). N\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00edn k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo s\u1ebd qu\u00e1 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u00ednh; n\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 ch\u00edn th\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao su v\u00e0 kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Pectin ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, do nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0103n chay v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n chay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. Pectin k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gelatin \u2014 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n axit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o gel \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo pectin th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb h\u01a1i chua h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o caramel v\u00e0 Toffee<\/h3>\n

K\u1eb9o caramel m\u1ec1m<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u01a1, kem (ho\u1eb7c s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 siro ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cqu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng c\u1ee9ng\u201d \u2014 kho\u1ea3ng 118\u2013120\u00b0C. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Maillard v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh caramen h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb b\u00e9o ng\u1eady s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a caramel ngon.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa caramel m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 toffee c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi n\u1ea5u. Caramel m\u1ec1m duy tr\u00ec \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 115\u2013120\u00b0C v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo. Toffee n\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn 140\u00b0C ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea9y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee9ng, gi\u00f2n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Modern k\u1eb9o caramel m\u1ec1m<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kilogram m\u1ed7i ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i caramel th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac k\u1eb9o cao c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o marshmallow<\/h3>\n

K\u1eb9o marshmallow l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kh\u00ed \u2014 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb gelatin \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f4ng, siro \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 siro ng\u00f4. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u1eb9, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong ma tr\u1eadn gelatin.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o marshmallow truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f9n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ed9t b\u1eafp\/b\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh d\u00ednh, v\u00e0 c\u1eaft theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i marshmallow \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u2014 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 s\u2019mores, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng cao c\u1ea5p \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 gelatin kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 S\u1ea3n Xu\u1ea5t K\u1eb9o Qu\u1ed1c Gia<\/a> b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng marshmallow chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u theo m\u00f9a (Halloween, l\u1ec5 Ph\u1ee5c sinh, m\u00f9a n\u00f3ng s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o k\u00e9o v\u00e0 K\u1eb9o k\u00e9o mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

K\u1eb9o k\u00e9o l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, siro ng\u00f4, b\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201ck\u00e9o\u201d \u2014 b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u2014 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng: n\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u00ed h\u00f3a k\u1eb9o v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u dai, \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng khi\u1ebfn k\u1eb9o k\u00e9o tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o k\u00e9o mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f9 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Atlantic City, New Jersey t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9o n\u00e0y t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y k\u00e9o k\u1eb9o c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u2014 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, g\u1eadp, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 g\u1eadp l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i k\u1eb9o h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat.<\/p>\n

Mochi v\u00e0 K\u1eb9o M\u1ec1m Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y<\/h3>\n

Mochi \u2014 b\u00e1nh g\u1ea1o d\u1ebbo nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eadu, kem ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong> trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u dai, h\u01a1i d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a tinh b\u1ed9t g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp, gelatin h\u00f3a v\u00e0 retrogradation kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tinh b\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Hi-Chew, th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u k\u1eb9o tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i dai v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nH\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh %<\/th>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
M\u00e1y l\u00e0m k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo<\/td>\nGelatin + siro glucose<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, co gi\u00e3n<\/td>\n14\u201318%<\/td>\nM\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i, \u0103n v\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1eb9o caramel m\u1ec1m<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng + s\u1eefa + siro ng\u00f4<\/td>\nM\u1ec1m m\u01b0\u1ee3t, tan ch\u1ea3y kem<\/td>\n8\u201312%<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng cao c\u1ea5p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Marshmallow<\/td>\nGelatin \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f4ng + \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nB\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh, nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7m kh\u00ed<\/td>\n16\u201322%<\/td>\nTr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00e1nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m mu\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng + siro ng\u00f4<\/td>\nD\u1ebbo, dai<\/td>\n6\u201310% (TP3T)<\/td>\nCh\u1ee3 qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m ven bi\u1ec3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mochi<\/td>\nTinh b\u1ed9t g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfp<\/td>\nDai, \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh<\/td>\n35\u201345%<\/td>\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u1eb9o Nougat<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng + l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng + c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t<\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7c, dai, thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n5\u201310%<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o ki\u1ec3u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m d\u00e0nh cho nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0103n ki\u00eang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng danh m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u2014 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh nha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c sau khi l\u00e0m r\u0103ng. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y cao h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c \u0103n v\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1eb9o sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ni\u1ec1ng r\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ni\u1ec1ng r\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

L\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nha s\u0129 ch\u1ec9nh nha v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u201ctr\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o d\u00ednh\u201d c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng: k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo, k\u1eb9o caramel v\u00e0 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m \u2014 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tu\u1ed9t d\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u1ec7ch m\u1eafc c\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho ni\u1ec1ng r\u0103ng:<\/strong> K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo x\u1ed1p (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, tan nhanh), s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la m\u1ec1m (tan ch\u1ea3y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o kh\u00ed c\u1ee5), k\u1eb9o b\u01a1 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1eb9o b\u1ea1c h\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 mi\u1ec7ng, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o l\u00ean m\u1eafc c\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m r\u1ee7i ro cao h\u01a1n cho ni\u1ec1ng r\u0103ng:<\/strong> K\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo h\u00ecnh g\u1ea5u (\u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i gelatin cao t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c b\u00e1m d\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh), k\u1eb9o caramel (c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 d\u00ednh khi \u1ea5m), k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o gi\u00e3n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m tu\u1ed9t m\u1eafc c\u00e0i) v\u00e0 cam th\u1ea3o (\u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m).<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nha khoa Hoa K\u1ef3<\/a> khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9nh nha tr\u00e1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00ednh v\u00e0 dai. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nha s\u0129 ch\u1ec9nh nha \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ec1m, \u00edt b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c trong r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng \u2014 m\u1ea5t r\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, r\u0103ng gi\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 r\u0103ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n \u2014 khi\u1ebfn k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong> tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf duy nh\u1ea5t cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i. Ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p khai th\u00e1c: h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u201ck\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9o r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh cho k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i: \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh x\u00ea d\u1ecbch r\u0103ng gi\u1ea3), \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p (d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 Shore A durometer), h\u00e0nh vi c\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea9u c\u1ee9ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5n h\u1ea1t), v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u).<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o kem ph\u1ee7 s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la, nh\u00e2n fondant m\u1ec1m, k\u1eb9o b\u1ea1c h\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y, k\u1eb9o cam th\u1ea3o m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u1eb9o d\u1ebbo marshmallow \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 l\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung n\u1ea1p t\u1ed1t. K\u1eb9o caramel c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u201ctan ch\u1ea3y\u201d thay v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i dai g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9o b\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u2014 V\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em<\/h3>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m dai d\u1eb3ng r\u1eb1ng k\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m<\/strong> ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ebb em. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o cao c\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. K\u1eb9o m\u1ec1m d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac b\u00e1nh k\u1eb9o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n