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class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-UztOd8ZrLoxXmbx2DsecsrKmnCf\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BC2Td4pSDoGfGtxhVHfcpRCznue\">\u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7:<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NNmpdKA0coWP8bxxf4fc13PFnFl\"><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Sw7Gd49tsofp8gx2EBUcPHI2nrg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09b2\u0995\u09bf\u0982: \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0996\u09b8\u0996\u09b8\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09c0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u09ad\u09c7\u09b2cro \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A4nDdsdwdoEBPLxHOwqcfxoxnQh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8: \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u0964 \u0995\u09cb\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f, \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995, \u09ac\u09be \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7 \u0997\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0995, \u0990\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V60qd4ZSoofajkxq8Gkc3JAInNd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c1\u09b0\u09a3 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be: \u09af\u09be \u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8 \u09a1\u09be\u09b0 \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09b8 \u09ac\u09b2\u09c7\u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09bf\u09a4, \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cbating \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0983\u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u099c\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09a4\u0964 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2 \u09b9\u09b2\u09c7\u0993, \u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0997\u09a4\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SOmsduByZokyQVxvrKQcEvX1nnd\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be: \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09af\u0996\u09a8 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09c8\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0986\u0995\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09b2 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Wsc4dD7hcokU9rxKDZScny35n4b\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-Y8htdtVtOo4ZVyxsKwkcdvfznRb\">\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I4W4dNqNvo4uxJxr0tsc8SB6ngh\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BfYBdgUTNonLZtxeTjKcHPMynxb\">\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a1 (\u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc), \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a5\u09cb\u09a1 (\u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0998\u099f\u09c7), \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u099f (\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae, \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf 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\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RthKdBQSno1tUJxbThIcwReFnjc\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NEmcdA8KmogT1exbgJUcNlbAnxc\">\u09aa\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0982-\u09ac\u09c7\u09a1\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09a5 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 (PBR) \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09b8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 1 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 2 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf PBR \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u09a8, \u0985porous, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u0981\u0995\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09ac\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Jn6YdequVoSoiYxM3T0cl1zInhe\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-JdPXdZOlIopGcXxttUsclpVmn8f\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LQjTd2mm7oYaxJx0jkRcyrFMnke\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DU04d7LhxoP5wJxcIb3czdmrnh9\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09a4\u09b2, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09b8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u2014\u098f\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8, \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u2014\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ad\u09c2\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Vwx6dG0I3oiIC9xVEqDcqGs4nLh\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ST60d1WOroLD06xkQmwcr0CJn1e\">\u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u099e\u09cd\u099a\u09b2 \u09af\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ab\u09bf\u0989\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7, \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ab\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09bf\u09a4\u09be \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac \u09ab\u09c7\u09b2\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QhQYd8t4Koe8UAxsQWOcWWODnch\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1066410.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8648\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1066410-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u09aa\u09a4\u09a8, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6, \u0986\u0998\u09be\u09a4, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf, \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997, \u099c\u09b2, \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac, \u09a2\u09c7\u0989, \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb, \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa, \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2, \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u099f\u09be\u09a8, \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0, \u099c\u09b2 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0, \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa, \u099c\u09b2\u09ac\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u09c1, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0997\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ae\u09a8\u09cb\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae, \u0986\u0987\u09ab\u09cb\u09a8 \u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09aa\u09c7\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-T3b4dQESgok7IcxhmvycML74nAe\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CLG9dwbMAoSdTKxMeracg9QPnmh\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SAridNTrooKJhixlDVEcUIDon0e\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u098f\u099f\u09ae \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09be \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be, \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09ac\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I4fzdwgxQo1dAMxhjsKcFq2wnp2\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-Yx0Qd93XOoaO6pxTE9IcQUKLntb\">\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb-\u0995\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LWfVdbSwToBLw0x3MWXcIwiRnRo\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SyxTdzThsos396xVkz5cRZ16n99\">\u09ab\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0986\u0987\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ad\u09b0 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u0997\u09a4 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TrGbd0EWfoRC9OxzWQzcWe8rnpe\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XSkjdWUNkoAZucxdiT2cFymFnag\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u09b2\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u099c\u09a8 \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u099f \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8) \u098f \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a5\u09cb\u09a1 (\u098b\u09a3\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099frode) \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QZxPdUyuAoWhyixPycBcrQQqnEe\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Jxt4d4k4Vo4ElNx0iDCcpex4ntf\">\u09a7\u09a8\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09ae\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a5\u09cb\u09a1\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09b2\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09ab\u09bf\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09b2\u09be, \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09b9\u09bf\u09b8\u09c7\u09ac\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GLw3daduzoCCxfxId0Ac7qI7nff\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J3yLdXRASoIeAQxU5bIc1QwVnih\">\u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be, \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae, \u09a8\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b2, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099c\u09bf\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a4\u09cb \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09c3\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09af\u09bc\u0982\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0964 \u09ac\u09b0\u0982, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u098f\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8 \u09b8\u09b0\u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09ac \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b9\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RpwedmuU1otc1kxZLI4cHLtxnen\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-RJG2dz0LaojjTyxkrqNcV33mnyD\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DXhwdPYkcovB8hxCeIwcj32Innc\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TF15dVPk2oAyoLxPOtmc9oA8nTd\">\u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Voqfdc3imoxxhwxzPmyckcSCnG9\"><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"heading-4 ace-line old-record-id-Oa0hd7Ywmo2SiaxBKo9clWNlnRf\">\u09ab\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09ad\u09c7\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 (PVD)<\/h4>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GizBdM4Tio0FnvxFMz6ch32tnWf\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Yc5XdQjVuoCXsHxqPA5czLOUnNg\">PVD \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2 \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09c7, \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u0998\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Ie90drO19oJ02QxQFmrcWxaXnyQ\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NKyLd02JYop9aMxFXxJcMGfanhf\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c3\u09a5\u0995 \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u0995\u09cd\u09a4:<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BXDzdTvbDohrTaxGqYucqHB3nog\"><\/div>\n<ol class=\"list-number1\" start=\"1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XAiedvbPWoWeAcxoFBpcWOkbnch\" data-list=\"number\">\n<div>\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8: \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u201c\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u099f\u201d \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7, \u09af\u09c7\u0996\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09c7\u099f\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 (\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0986\u09b0\u09cd\u0997\u09a8) \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u0998\u09be\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099b\u09c7\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0\u09ad\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ab\u09c1\u099f\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09c0\u09ad\u09c2\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-N3oSdTOfSoHxNyx59EGcQJUynpd\" data-list=\"number\">\n<div>\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8: \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8-\u0985\u09ab-\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f \u09aa\u09a5\u09c7 \u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u099a\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KC0vdIO5Ro8JNdx8ofpcj3myntb\" data-list=\"number\">\n<div>\u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8: \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7, \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09bf\u0989\u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8, \u0998\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf \u09aa\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YCU6daBnzoTtymxagRKcdTcSnCg\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CGDLd955JoQFIixv8gPcN1CMnHe\">PVD-\u09a4\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u201c\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09bf\u0982 \u0987\u09ab\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f\u201d, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0987 \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8-\u0985\u09ab-\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a5 \u09ac\u09cd\u09b2\u0995 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09ab\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u099a\u09be\u09b0\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09aa\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09ad\u09bf\u09ae\u09c1\u0996 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ac \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AZUxdrcW1oNI44xNIufcnydAnSd\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-545377.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8647\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-545377-1024x622.jpg\" alt=\"\u09aa\u09a4\u09a8, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6, \u0986\u0998\u09be\u09a4, \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997, \u099c\u09b2, \u09a4\u09b0\u0999\u09cd\u0997 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac, \u09a2\u09c7\u0989, \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb, \u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa, \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2, \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u099f\u09be\u09a8, \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0, \u099c\u09b2 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0, \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09be\u0995\u09be\u099b\u09bf, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac, \u0986\u09df\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09ac\u09bf, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09ac\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"heading-4 ace-line old-record-id-TDEhd226MoHKC6xReICchjtvnWc\">\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be (CVD)<\/h4>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MvMUd5h1xo1ywlxw3zqcq5AjnKf\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NZThdrXwUoXKk8xsePacT0sKnNh\">CVD \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09b0\u09bf \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-L9Jld8gN0ogKPcxNG9hc35E0n4e\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TBbkd38PdotdIjxSgHEc3XRInSd\">CVD \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09a8\u09be\u09ac\u09b2\u09c0\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9 \u0989\u09a1\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XsXIdyZstoj7yYxDXesc3F1fn8d\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JzeMdJgTQoma4TxfOJsc3EDgntd\">\u09a4\u09be\u09b0\u09aa\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0997\u09b0\u09ae \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09b6\u09cb\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a3\u09c1\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09ad\u09c7\u0999\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5 \u099c\u09ae\u09be \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09c7\u09ae\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/how-is-chocolate-made-in-factories-33\/\" title=\"\u0997\u09be\u09ae\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u09a8 \u0995\u09bf\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a0\u09be\u09a3\u09cd\u09a1\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7?\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1311\" target=\"_blank\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/a> \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09b2 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HUXzdJlNCoiW0Wx6KzkcyBuonid\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-FADZdg6KGoT7y7xVRhbcAZTgnvR\">\u099f\u09c7\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u09e7: PVD \u09ac\u09a8\u09be\u09ae CVD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AVjzd7GHNoYWGVxlsbFckHMXnRf\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"200;200;200\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LvmtdYye8oSDa9xEPkVcWU2xnxb\">\u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Htopd09gAoI5owxZI7aceqlknTg\">\u09ab\u09bf\u099c\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2 \u09ad\u09c7\u09aa\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 (PVD)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DMI3dmokhowYFVxPLUfcc6QZn4b\">\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be\u09b7\u09cd\u09aa \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be (CVD)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-YUFwdShsSo5YPMx7aveczvc7nne\"><strong>\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Q3sQdFQ0KonqyvxaLzQcVpoqnXe\">\u09ad\u09cc\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be: \u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0995\u09c1\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae\u09c7 \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u09ac\u09be \u0985\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09b2\u09ad\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-E4FxdJUoLokOfuxy9u3cB5Ltnhf\">\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be: \u0989\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VMqxdaQywodcKxx8XQacKaA4nvf\"><strong>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Qf9Ud79JEoNEAMxDkYIcGtYXn1d\">\u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae (\u09eb\u09e6 \u2013 \u09ec\u09e6\u09e6\u00b0C)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OXiQdxA4SoNnxTxlwM3cA0vfnbh\">\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09a4 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a (\u09ec\u09e6\u09e6 \u2013 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e6\u09e6\u00b0C), \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09a8\u09bf\u09ae\u09cd\u09a8-\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ad\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09b9 (PECVD)\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-P4XzdhsitoCvcZxHFg4cuYJsnAd\"><strong>\u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ErWldVim6oHitlx2YMncQzY7nPe\">\u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb, \u0986\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cb\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Q000dC6w4oXJeRxZPo6cusxSn8c\">\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09a8\u09cd\u09a7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-C7yZdSp3ko9HddxZH8IccMuanje\"><strong>\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Mz4FdZ4lRoap43xZwxAcW34hn9e\">TiN, CrN, AlTiN (\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8), Al, Cu (\u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1\u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09be)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M2JodepFdoOewLxddVbcblEknyb\">\u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1, \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09a1, \u099f\u09be\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09a1, \u09b8\u09bf\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EIb9dl3RmokbDgxuIxBcamHznBd\"><strong>\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f<\/strong><strong> \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GXSCdqqdZooBDWxao4ycM88Un1f\">\u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c3\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8, \u09af\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be-\u09b8\u0982\u09ac\u09c7\u09a6\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2 \u09a7\u09be\u09a4\u09c1 \u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XC5DdRswqou4N4xno6mcK0BgnRc\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09b9\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HIiudvOCAou19nxafI5cnkU9ntb\"><strong>\u0985\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c0\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KtPPdQCk6oZcywxc8GPceqtEnWh\">\u09a6\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09b0\u09b2\u09b0\u09c7\u0996\u09be, \u09b0\u09cb\u099f\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u099b\u09be\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09b2\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AA4md2GHIoYbvix7a7xcJ0Synqf\">\u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0, \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CsPbdVVrFo3WA9xMU5lcHNdEnsh\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-CU5edPTMQoksjuxfv0ecgMjMnJd\">\u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NoHldnWqzoA57wxqk8McSwEmnCf\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HZaYdSB5WoE96jxzNf4c19y2n2c\">\u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7, \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09ae\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BHUGdKeaMo1mvgxHFAnch07enxw\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-UNHddLa01oHHkExX7TAc6SMSnU6\">\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XlfhdfoDnoPc6FxpZZlcLOmEnbb\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Uszvdisnoo6sPuxNt94cLO8ynyb\">\u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4, \u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8 \u09ab\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0987\u09a8 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u09a8\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a3\u0964 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf (\u09ad\u09be\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6) \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae \u0998\u09a8\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u09b2\u09be\u0995\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 (\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f) \u099a\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JNW1dazAeo5aAaxmRByctwN4nhy\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-QJ6Cd0OgEopWvZxxZdicv3wSnBc\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u0995 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3 \u09b9\u09b2\u09cb \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09c7\u09b8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0982 \u09ac\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u0964 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8-\u09b8\u09ae\u09c3\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0997\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc, \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u0985\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u09a4\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line 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old-record-id-HpT5dqtfWoG7NZxmvnvc6XobnXh\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09b2\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u098f\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa \u09af\u09be \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0982 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c0\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09aa \u09b9\u09af\u09bc \u098f\u0987 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09a8\u09b0\u09be\u09ac\u09c3\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u0995 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/sugar-cooking-pot-engineering-guide-heat-transfer-process-control\/\" title=\"\u099a\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf \u09b0\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1: \u09a4\u09be\u09aa \u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0993 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1313\" target=\"_blank\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af<\/a>.<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FnBOd8iVpoxHcZx7WaccFx1vnZq\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1584711.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-8646\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/pixabay-1584711-678x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u099c \u09a5\u09c7\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09bf, \u09ae\u09cb\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09ae, \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be, \u09ac\u09bf\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09a4\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u099c, \u09a4\u09cb\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2\u09c7, \u099a\u09be \u09ae\u09cb\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf, \u09ae\u09cb\u09ae\u09ac\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0986\u09b2\u09cb, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09be, \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09c7\u099c\" width=\"678\" height=\"1024\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-FLvLdU9SkoROVBxs5i2cQLwsneg\">\u099f\u09c7\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u09e8: \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ETNNdVdN0omGlNxJxvIckId7ntb\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"200;200;200;200\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XHYXdmk4QovRqQxLuwWcgpoFnvd\">\u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FARLd4L7XowXoMxccojcTMdDn0d\">\u0985\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u09a8\u09bf\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RClkdXpUgoS3XNxGkrFcb4PPn9d\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VOp7dj1TWoNO7ixpcpbcbVXunhb\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09b8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ad\u09be\u09ac<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Fk6zdmNAGobG5CxwiwdcBTysnGf\"><strong>\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09c1\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bf\u0982<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Sr5odvjCdoZIQSx0IzscXJ7snHh\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b0\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ab\u09bf\u0989\u09b6\u09a8\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V0o9ddSr4ou37oxvypscvRdrn8d\">\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09be<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SBbldtPFXoYSM4xHp0DcfYarnHA\">\u099a\u09b0\u09ae \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 hardness, \u09ad\u09be\u09b2 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WpH2dKnJloKcDNxdm87coCHCnVh\"><strong>\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u0982<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VIQ3dLAw1obE0ExaFTcctmi0njc\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ab\u09bf\u0989\u09b6\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FU0HdhPAOop5gPxpC3zcZOA3nlc\">\u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc, \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u0989\u09ce\u09b8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Sx85dFg3boLgYLxpwhbcnuoqnQf\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 hardness, \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u0993 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PoNod4YFooMmPIx1uMncQrs8nwh\"><strong>\u09b6\u099f \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0982<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BElsd2kutoP5F8xWUY6csAcunJe\">\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09be\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u099c\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LCsZd7ZNDoNoa7xhR3ncNlhonWb\">\u09b6\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\/\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8, \u0997\u09a4\u09bf, \u0995\u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u099c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NKhsdTQMooklOXxZn2WcQ9eQnpC\">\u09b8\u0982\u0995\u09c1\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, <strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4<\/strong> \u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09a6 \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-WvHjdQbklocKvKxHGOrcBk7qnEw\"><strong>\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Cp6xdCdjPofCkuxrkGJch9Yrnbh\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09c8\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09c1\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-U4XFd09cMopmY0x91JhccuR1nue\">\u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u099c\u09a8, pH, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KVnhdARsOo34NIxuluVcgQtNnjc\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b0\u0999\u09c7\u09b0 \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Qu5BdWdqmowos4xaAEZcQCYWnbg\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-CcgAduhE0onjKHxKqlwcHtQznVd\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf-\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EhlKd2XYEoc5PlxZKMgcYxVMnpd\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RAb9dEM5QoA9cuxZdOTc6pBNn4b\">\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u09a7\u09be\u09aa\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a8\u09c7\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0986\u09b8\u09b2 \u09b2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09b2\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09c0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09a3\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09b8\u09be\u09ae\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09b8\u09cd\u09af \u09ac\u099c\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b0\u09be\u0996\u09be\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BtPvdqHeRoP5Zvx3TeCcgSdDn0g\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-CyNKduKAXo637UxKwJrcGMyhn7h\">\u0986\u09ac\u09b6\u09cd\u09af\u0995 \u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09ad\u09c1\u099c<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-TYZBd08M5oEBdQxMf1Kcp9qinYc\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OaYhdW0iEo8pLnx1b37c7lC5nNg\">\u09b8\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09cb\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09ae \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u09a4\u09bf\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09b2\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09af\u09ae\u09be\u09a8: \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u098f\u0995\u09be \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-I0VzdTxn4oxoEIxegFkcIDbYnvh\"><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XyyZdwlhvo6mpjxWCN0cVSJPnAe\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09b8\u09be\u09ac\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u099f \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8: \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09cb\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09ac\u0964 \u098f\u09b0 \u0997\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995, \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09a4\u09be, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09b8\u09cd\u09a5\u09bf\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09be\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u0986\u09aa\u09a8\u09bf \u0995\u09ae \u0997\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 CVD \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09c7\u09a8 \u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PV6Fdw0tdoj5rQxCcIFcK7Abnoc\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09ac\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09be: \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u0997\u0995\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09aa\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b2\u09be\u0987\u09a8-\u0985\u09ab-\u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099f \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09ad\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09c0\u09a3 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a4\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09ab\u09bf\u0989\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u09b8\u09c2\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09cd\u09ae \u0985\u0982\u09b6\u09c7 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf \u0998\u099f\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Kqwvd1VODogE7PxA7z5cGk8RnMg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u099a\u09c2\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af: \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u099a\u09be\u09b2\u0995\u0964 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09af\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u2014\u099a\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a6\u09be \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7, \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u09ac\u09be \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u2014\u09b8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae\u09c7 \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09c7\u0987 \u09ab\u09b2\u09be\u09ab\u09b2 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Oyo3dtVW0oBjQJxzF4jcMSbInhd\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-NPuNdxP4WosJFpx9hYacrdkknDg\">\u0995\u09c7\u09b8 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09a1\u09bf: \u0985\u099f\u09cb\u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09b6\u09be\u09ab\u099f<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-O3VMd9hjJoO3Xzx8FzPcUSffnFc\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-X5okdBP6Jo2H6LxTPdBcbQYTnkg\">\u099a\u09b2\u09c1\u09a8 \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u099f\u09cb\u09ae\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09b6\u09be\u09ab\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09a6\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u0981\u099f\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09b0\u09ae \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-LhjgdweBMoZFuXx80hOc43CHnHy\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-GyCldebsloJlL3x3M4GcGIacn7e\"><strong>\u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u09e7: \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Pvvmdghjjo8oSgxKruLcDzjXnVf\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09a5\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a6\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae \u09b2\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/rope-sizer-engineering-guide-load-strength-safety-calculations\/\" title=\"\u09b0\u09cb\u09aa \u09b8\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1: \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1, \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0993 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09be \u0997\u09a3\u09a8\u09be\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1314\" target=\"_blank\">\u09ac\u09be\u0981\u0995\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u09b2\u09cb\u09a1 \u09b8\u09b9\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be<\/a>\u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09ad\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u09b2\u09c1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u09ad \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be\u0964 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ab\u09cb\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a1 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HS3cdFcT4ogAb8xOY3bcX3o0nqg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KlEgdaO3koGD7lxU7E5c2Im3nGd\"><strong>\u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u09e8: \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa\u09b8\u09ae\u09c2\u09b9 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XkHBdct3uog99oxSJg5cC1VpnYe\">\u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09bf \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7:<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-SCW3dU1E3oCo4WxAosCcgsb8nGU\"><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-M8TZdb5T8ouN6sxWXC5cXiOSnJg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad): \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u099a\u09ae\u09ce\u0995\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7, \u09aa\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09b8\u09bf\u09b2 \u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u099c\u09c7\u09a8 \u098f\u09ae\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09b2\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09b0 \u099d\u09c1\u0981\u0995\u09bf \u09ac\u09b9\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u09ad\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8 \u0989\u09b2\u09cd\u09b2\u09c7\u0996\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7 \u0995\u09ae\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09a6\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-NyQadGkQfolqajxTWV7caZnRnnp\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09aa\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 (\u09af\u09c7\u09ae\u09a8, DLC) (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a1\u09bf\u099f\u09bf\u09ad): \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1-\u09b2\u09be\u0987\u0995 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09a8 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0996\u09c1\u09ac \u0995\u09ae \u0998\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u09a4\u09ac\u09c7, \u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09be\u09af\u09cb\u0997 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0985\u09a7\u09c0\u09a8\u09c7 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u0986\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u099a\u09bf\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09a1\u09bc \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u0964 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u0996\u09b0\u099a\u0993 \u09af\u09a5\u09c7\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-V5Wud6mZRo1IsQxY9kMc0D6Knhh\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0982 (\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8): \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u0997\u09a8\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u0987\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u0995\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae \u09b2\u09cb\u09ac\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u0995\u09c7 \u09a6\u09cd\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4 \u0997\u09b0\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u09aa\u09b0\u09c7 \u0995\u09c1\u0987\u099a \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u0995\u09c7 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1 \u09ae\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09c7 \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 (\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af) \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b8\u09ae\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0989\u09aa\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09c0 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 (\u0985\u09ac\u09b8\u09be\u09a6 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af)\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RfYRd9Pj0o8KX5x6PZlcDdHynnh\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BTuKdzTOQosPiuxx5EacK838nrc\"><strong>\u09a7\u09be\u09aa \u09e9: \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09a0\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c1\u09a8<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-JVpedVggoomyhGxap6ecCzUinHg\">\u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u0987\u09a8\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a6\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09af\u09be \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u099f\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u0987 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09b0\u09cd\u09a4\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a6\u09c1\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af\u2014\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u2014\u098f\u0995\u0995, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u0985\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8\u09c7 \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0996\u09b0\u099a-\u09b8\u09be\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a7\u09b0\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FU9bdnnRNoXFoPxJOC5choxGnzc\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"heading-3 ace-line old-record-id-IueHd2AGDolXb9x4JdAcJQUlnse\">\u099f\u09c7\u09ac\u09bf\u09b2 \u09e9: \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09ae\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b8<\/h3>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DKwDdH35VoAL4Tx0f9QcpVbDnBd\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<table class=\"ace-table\" data-ace-table-col-widths=\"200;200;200;200\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/>\n<col width=\"200\" \/><\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IkYcd50G2o6jZQxj1a3cwnvjnEc\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u09c0\u09af\u09bc \u09ac\u09c8\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09af<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FCRidwiCnocy7Px6nBLc8Orcn2U\">\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09be \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-IEISd3Sa2o4Yc8xpmDEcoGJDnuc\">\u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09c0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09ce\u09b8\u09be<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Vidid5JDOoJt5IxhrgNcMui3n6d\">\u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u099a\u09a8\u09be<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-N6TQds1Q5oFnCvxlLYFc5aSTn8c\"><strong>\u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09a0\u09cb\u09b0\u09a4\u09be \/ \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09a7\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-KZhsdw17ko7OClx9FXicxqpEnXf\">\u0995\u09a0\u09bf\u09a8 \u09af\u09cc\u0997\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8 (\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u09a1, \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1) \u09ac\u09be \u09b8\u09bf\u09b0\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Wb9XdolEzodoOLx0OwrcfYGznRS\">\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bf\u0982, \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09bf\u0982, PVD (\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, TiN, AlTiN), CVD (\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u09a1\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09ae\u09a8\u09cd\u09a1)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-On50dU6qWoMTYzxkLZOceorvnBb\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac, \u09ad\u0999\u09cd\u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XRDKdOfmbofMqZxrG5kcvtKjnVd\"><strong>\u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u0995\u09cd\u09b2\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09a8\u0995\u09be\u09b2<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-USFPdQx68oq4wTxQfKlcyyVxn4d\">\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a \u0995\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09c7\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u099a\u09be\u09aa\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09a6\u09c0\u09aa\u09a8\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-XGR2dONPNoyal6x5V4Zc0FmTn7f\"><strong>\u09b6\u099f \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0982<\/strong>, \u09b2\u09c7\u099c\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u0982, \u0987\u09a8\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09b6\u09a8 \u09b9\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a1\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u0982<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-RNCodLydEowUAdxOt2Fc8XEqnmh\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u099c\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4\u09bf, \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8, \u0995\u09be\u0999\u09cd\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u099a\u09be\u09aa \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DNZbd7myQoDMCbxmwFvcQ4NEnod\"><strong>\u0985\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09a1\u09c7\u09b6\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0\u09cb\u09a7\u0995\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ExxzdUkfTosa3sxr2hqciDu5nTh\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b8\u09bf\u09ad\/\u0985\u09ac\u099c\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u09b8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u09ac\u09be \u09ac\u09be\u09a7\u09be \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EnWidJSC6oyGcPxHfbsc7zucnzU\">\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a1\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bf\u0982 (\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c1\u09ae\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af), \u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09b2\u09c7\u09b8 \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09c7\u09b2, \u09b0\u09c2\u09aa\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3, \u09aa\u09b2\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09b0 \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-OWTFdcPNoor1zwxvBg4cQgBjnUc\">\u0985\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 (pH, \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be), \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u099c\u09a8\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-CRA9dIznbot2PGxgtMrcK4aTn8f\"><strong>\u0995\u09ae \u0998\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09a3 (\u09b2\u09c1\u09ac\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u099f\u09bf)<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VCuxdcCSfo9NxdxYq9KcjeOonLb\">\u0995\u09ae-\u09b8\u09cd\u09b2\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a6\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u099f \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DBvVd79g0o8NtmxcEPYcGNArnjb\">PVD (\u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, DLC, MoS\u2082), PTFE (\u099f\u09c7\u09ab\u09b2\u09a8) \u0986\u09ac\u09b0\u09a3<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-N5pjdHeVNoxtTgxrETrc9cqjnbd\">\u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be, \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0 \u09a4\u09be\u09aa\u09ae\u09be\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09be, \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb\u09a4\u09be\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-DNzqd1INWoSgqlxoTkYcsfYqnpf\"><strong>\u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u09b8\u09b9\u09a8\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a4\u09be<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-A7VhdPKSpoSm6ZxkMqecoxGHnUb\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u099c\u09c0\u09ac-\u0985\u09ac\u09bf\u099a\u09b2 \u09ac\u09be \u099c\u09c0\u09ac-\u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u099f\u09bf\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EwAbdh1dWoU1cRxoPldcMnoon5f\">PVD (\u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09c7\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09ae \u09a8\u09be\u0987\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0987\u09a1), \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09a1\u09be\u0987\u099c\u09bf\u0982 (Ti \u098f\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af), \u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09be\u0987\u099f \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-J1vpdwAXMoJ4hbxILKgc1kLCnVc\">\u09b6\u09b0\u09c0\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u0982\u09b8\u09cd\u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6, \u099c\u09c0\u09ac\u09be\u09a3\u09c1\u09ae\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BKPxds53voUb9UxNoNWcpdKMndb\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-WIlUdytzYolcklxEbotcSrssnYz\">\u09a6\u09bf\u0997\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-ARk4dDlSMo5nGExkDcdcJKL5n3e\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-FOTcdV4TEoADlpxbaRQcqU5Bn0b\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u098f\u09b0 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u099f\u09bf \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09ac\u09bf\u0995\u09be\u09b6 \u09b2\u09be\u09ad \u0995\u09b0\u099b\u09c7\u0964 \u09a8\u09a4\u09c1\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u0986\u09b0\u0993 \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09a3\u09a4\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u09b8\u09be\u09a5\u09c7 \u09b8\u099a\u09c7\u09a4\u09a8 \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09ad\u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09cd\u09af\u09a4\u09c7\u09b0 \u0989\u09a6\u09cd\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0985\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-PUX8drjr2oGLe0xkBXYcQj43nyc\"><\/div>\n<ul class=\"list-bullet1\">\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-BAtidjEMgoD9Pwx9zUHcTXcQn5g\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 (ALD): \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac-\u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09bf\u09a4, \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u0997\u09a4 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u0989\u09aa\u09b0 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u099f\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u09b2\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0 \u09ab\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09ae \u09a1\u09bf\u09aa\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09ae\u09a4\u09bf \u09a6\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u0985\u09b8\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09a3 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2\u09a4\u09be, \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09c2\u09b2\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c1\u09b0\u09c1\u09a4\u09cd\u09ac \u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u098f\u09ae\u09a8\u0995\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 3D \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7\u0993\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EY9ydw9SVoaS81xoqBmctti3nue\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u0989\u099a\u09cd\u099a-\u098f\u09a8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09aa\u09bf \u0996\u09be\u09a6 (HEA) \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982: \u098f\u0987 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a7\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09b9\u09be\u09b0 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09ae\u09be\u09a3\u09c1 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09b9\u099c \u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09be\u09b2 \u0997\u09a0\u09a8\u0995\u09c7 \u09ac\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b9\u09a4 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u09ab\u09b2\u09c7 \u0985\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a4\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b6\u09bf\u09a4 \u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09a3\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u0982\u09ae\u09bf\u09b6\u09cd\u09b0\u09a3\u09af\u09c1\u0995\u09cd\u09a4 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u0995\u09bf\u099b\u09c1 HEA \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982 \u0990\u09a4\u09bf\u09b9\u09cd\u09af\u09ac\u09be\u09b9\u09c0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u0985\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09af\u09bc\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc \u0989\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u09a4 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf-\u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7-\u0993\u099c\u09a8 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09a4 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a6\u09b0\u09cd\u09b6\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-AVKZdMyCaou9ktxdpU4clgzfnMg\" data-list=\"bullet\">\n<div>\u09ac\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u09ae\u09c7\u099f\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8: \u098f\u0987 \u09aa\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09a4\u09bf\u099f\u09bf \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09c3\u09a4\u09bf\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09b0\u09c0 \u09a8\u0995\u09b6\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09a3\u09c7 \u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964 \u0989\u09a6\u09be\u09b9\u09b0\u09a3\u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09b0\u09c2\u09aa, \u09b2\u09cb\u099f\u09be\u09b8 \u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be \u098f\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u0987\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cb-\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u0995\u099a\u09be\u09b0 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u09b8\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09b9\u09be\u0987\u09a1\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09ab\u09cb\u09ac\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac-\u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8\u0964 \u098f\u0995\u0987\u09ad\u09be\u09ac\u09c7, \u09b6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u0995\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a4\u09cd\u09ac\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09af\u09c7\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09a4\u09b0\u09b2\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09ac\u09be\u09b9 \u0995\u09ae\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-MAj6d8f55oIadXx8RH5c455EnX1\"><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"heading-2 ace-line old-record-id-XrRBdzqAeodjeRxQfpBcLK3Zn6f\">\u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4\u09be\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7<\/h2>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-B3SedWYDjoKbwUxskNmc5ka0n3b\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Agt0dHBlRoHpzsxycrpcCz9DnVf\">\u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c7\u099b\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09c8\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2\u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf\u09b0 \u0997\u09ad\u09c0\u09b0 \u09ac\u09cb\u099d\u09be\u09aa\u09a1\u09bc\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u09be\u09a1\u09c7\u09ae\u09bf\u0995 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b6\u09c0\u09b2\u09a8 \u09a8\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ac\u099a\u09c7\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u09b6\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b6\u09be\u09b2\u09c0 \u09b8\u09b0\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09ae\u0964 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/precision-ingredient-dosing-engineers-guide-to-system-design-2025\/\" title=\"\u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09c1\u09b2 \u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09a1\u09cb\u099c\u09bf\u0982: \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae \u09a1\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u0997\u09be\u0987\u09a1 \u09e8\u09e6\u09e8\u09eb\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1315\" target=\"_blank\">\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09cb\u09a1\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u099f \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2\u09c0 \u09ac\u09be \u09a1\u09bf\u099c\u09be\u0987\u09a8\u09be\u09b0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u099b\u09c7 \u09af\u09be \u09a5\u09be\u0995\u09be \u09a6\u09b0\u0995\u09be\u09b0<\/a> \u09af\u09c7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09bf \u099f\u09c7\u0995\u09b8\u0987, \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ad\u09b0\u09af\u09cb\u0997\u09cd\u09af, \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b6\u09c0\u09b0\u09cd\u09b7\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09b0\u09cd\u09ae \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-Y0e2dcpIloO4q8xoTircATj5nvg\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-EjtvdUN4XonOpExOUBScnolpnif\">\u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u0986\u09a0\u09be\u09b2\u09cb \u0993 \u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09aa\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u09b0 \u09ae\u09cc\u09b2\u09bf\u0995 \u09ac\u09bf\u09b7\u09af\u09bc \u09a5\u09c7\u0995\u09c7 \u099c\u09ae\u09be\u099f \u09ac\u09be\u0981\u09a7\u09be \u0993 \u099b\u09a1\u09bc\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09b0 \u099c\u099f\u09bf\u09b2 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a6\u09bf\u0995\u09c7 \u098f\u0997\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u0985\u09ac\u09b6\u09c7\u09b7\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09ac\u09c1\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09bf\u09ae\u09be\u09a8 \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u099a\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u099c\u09a8\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09be\u09a0\u09be\u09ae\u09cb\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09cc\u0981\u099b\u09c7\u099b\u09bf\u0964 \u09ae\u09c2\u09b2 \u09aa\u09be\u09a0\u099f\u09bf \u098f\u0995\u0987 \u09b0\u0995\u09ae \u09b0\u09af\u09bc\u09c7 \u0997\u09c7\u099b\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-VBbrdjIV7odhG1xb3gMcuGBBnFf\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ace-line ace-line old-record-id-HLT8d8CwhoAZgKxuShOczAOlnpc\">\u098f\u0995\u099f\u09bf \u09b8\u09ae\u09cd\u09aa\u09c2\u09b0\u09cd\u09a3 \u09b8\u09bf\u09b8\u09cd\u099f\u09c7\u09ae\u09c7\u09b0 \u0995\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u0987 \u098f\u09b0 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u09a5\u09ae \u0995\u09af\u09bc\u09c7\u0995 \u09a8\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cb\u09ae\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af\u09c7 \u0998\u099f\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u0993\u09af\u09bc\u09be \u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09b0\u09cd\u09a5\u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09b0\u09b8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u09b0\u09be \u09a8\u09bf\u09b0\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u09a4 \u09b9\u09af\u09bc\u0964 \u098f\u0987 \u09a8\u09c0\u09a4\u09bf\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09cb\u09b0 \u09a6\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09be \u0985\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09a8 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7, \u0986\u09ae\u09b0\u09be \u098f\u09ae\u09a8 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u0995\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7 \u09aa\u09be\u09b0\u09bf \u09af\u09be \u0995\u09c7\u09ac\u09b2 \u09a4\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09aa\u09b0\u09bf\u09ac\u09c7\u09b6 \u09b8\u09b9\u09cd\u09af \u0995\u09b0\u09c7 \u09a8\u09be, \u09ac\u09b0\u0982 \u098f\u099f\u09bf \u09a6\u0996\u09b2 \u0995\u09b0\u09c7\u0964<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u2013 ASM \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asminternational.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8 \u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u099f\u09ae\u09c7\u09a8\u09cd\u099f \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u0995\u09cb\u099f\u09bf\u0982\u09b8 \u2013 NIST <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09af\u09bc\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09a4\u09bf \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0\u09c7\u09b0 \u09b8\u09c1\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u2013 NACE \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 (AMPP) <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ampp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ampp.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u09b8\u09be\u09b0\u09ab\u09c7\u09b8 \u0987\u099e\u09cd\u099c\u09bf\u09a8\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u09b0\u09bf\u0982 \u2013 \u0989\u0987\u0995\u09bf\u09aa\u09bf\u09a1\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surface_engineering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Surface_engineering<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u2013 ASTM \u0986\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09b0\u09cd\u099c\u09be\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u09af\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u0995 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u0993 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u2013 ASME <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.asme.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09ac\u09bf\u099c\u09cd\u099e\u09be\u09a8 \u0997\u09ac\u09c7\u09b7\u09a3\u09be \u2013 ScienceDirect <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\/surface-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\/surface-treatment<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0989\u09ce\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09a8 \u0993 \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cd\u09b0\u09bf\u09af\u09bc\u09be\u0995\u09b0\u09a3 \u2013 SME <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sme.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sme.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u09b6\u09bf\u09b2\u09cd\u09aa \u09aa\u09c3\u09b7\u09cd\u09a0 \u099a\u09bf\u0995\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09b8\u09be \u2013 Thomasnet <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"whitespace-normal break-words\">\u0989\u09aa\u09be\u09a6\u09be\u09a8 \u09aa\u09cd\u09b0\u0995\u09cc\u09b6\u09b2 \u09b6\u09bf\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09be \u2013 MIT OpenCourseWare <a class=\"underline\" href=\"https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ocw.mit.edu\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unlocking Material Performance A component&#8217;s functional life is rarely determined by its bulk properties. Failure almost always starts at the surface. This is where the product meets its operating environment. Corrosion, wear, fatigue, and friction all begin at the surface. Control these, and you control reliability and performance. This analysis goes beyond simply listing surface [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[221],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gummy-production-line"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8645"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8911,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8645\/revisions\/8911"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jymachinetech.com\/bn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}